I delve into social relationships within colonial contexts, considering political, economic, social, and territorial dynamics created by enslavement and other forms of indigenous labor, approaching the interactions between the different groups (Indians, Africans, missionaries, colonial authorities, and settlers) involved in various contexts, while maintaining a particular focus on the Amazonian region during the colonial period. I also investigate the relationships between native peoples and the states established in their original territories from colonial times until the contemporary period. I intend to discern the actors, interests, and struggles involved in the definition of those native people’s historical rights within different contexts over this broad temporal arc in Portu